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Modern applications integrate with databases using an N-tier architecture. The overall system is comprised of many layers. The database can be thought of as being at the bottom of this architecture, and perhaps a web browser presenting information is at the top. In between can be found HTML, XML, JSP, ASP, web servers, networks, class libraries, virtual machines, message queues, etc.
Black box database(BBD) design constrains schema references to the database. The BBD exposes a consistent and rigid Application Programming Interface (API). The API of the database becomes as fixed as that of class libraries. In the case of class libraries, method calls may be deprecated, and marked as such, being replaced by newer and better methods and interfaces. BBD supports deprecation and revision of database API elements.
BBD ties functional requirements to schema and testability; testability to performance and security. No longer are these features buried and possible bypassed,
