HOG描述器最重要的思想是：在一副图像中，局部目标的表象和形状（appearance and
shape）能够被梯度或边缘的方向密度分布很好地描述。具体的实现方法是：首先将图像分成小的连通区域，我们把它叫细胞单元。然后采集细胞单元中各像素点的梯度的或边缘的方向直方图。最后把这些直方图组合起来就可以构成特征描述器。为了提高性能，我们还可以把这些局部直方图在图像的更大的范围内（我们把它叫区间或block）进行对比度归一化（contrast-normalized），所采用的方法是：先计算各直方图在这个区间（block）中的密度，然后根据这个密度对区间中的各个细胞单元做归一化。通过这个归一化后，能对光照变化和阴影获得更好的效果。
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