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The Abjad numerals are a decimal numeral system in which the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet are assigned numerical values.
They have been used in the Arabic-speaking world since before the 8th century Arabic numerals. In modern Arabic, the word ʾabjad means "alphabet" in general.
In the Abjadi system, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, alif, is used to represent 1; the second letter, bāʼ, is used to represent 2, etc.
Individual letters also represent 10"s and 100"s: yāʼ for 10, kāf for 20, qāf for 100, etc.
The word "abjad" (أبجد ʾabǧad) itself derives from the first four letters in the proto-Canaanite alphabet, Phoenician. These older alphabets contained only 22 letters, stopping at taw, numerically equivalent to 400. The Arabic Abjadi system continues at this point with letters not found in other alphabets: ṯāʼ = 500, etc.
